Fatigue

What is fatigue?

Fatigue is more than just feeling sleepy. It is a strong feeling of persistent tiredness, weakness, or low energy that is out of proportion to recent activity and interferes with usual activities. Fatigue is often described as feeling worn out physically, mentally, or emotionally, and it may not improve with rest the way ordinary tiredness does. 

What does fatigue look like?

Fatigue can look different from person to person. Someone may seem weak, slow, worn out, or less able to do everyday tasks. They may have trouble concentrating, feel mentally “foggy,” have short-term memory problems, or feel less interested in activities they normally enjoy. Some people also notice mood changes, decreased motivation, or feeling exhausted even after sleeping.

Who gets fatigue?

Fatigue is one of the most common side effects in patients with cancer. Fatigue can be related to the cancer itself, chemotherapy, radiation, chronic pain, anemia, poor nutrition, sleep problems, stress, anxiety, or depression. Because there are many possible causes, the healthcare team may need to look at more than one reason when a patient says they feel very tired.

How is fatigue prevented?

Fatigue is difficult to fully prevent, but there are ways to help potentially reduce its impact. Patients may benefit from pacing themselves and not trying to do too much in a short amount of time, taking short rest breaks instead of staying in bed all day, keeping a regular sleep schedule, drinking enough fluids, and eating enough calories and protein. 

How is fatigue treated?

Fatigue may not be completely reversable, but addressing underlying or exacerbating causes may lessen its impact. If fatigue is related to anemia, pain, poor sleep, depression, or another medical issue, treating that problem may help improve energy. In many patients, treatment also includes practical steps such as exercise, counseling, sleep support, nutrition support, and managing stress.

Exercise is often one of the most helpful tools, even if it is light activity such as walking, because staying completely inactive can sometimes make fatigue worse. Other non-drug approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based programs may also be helpful.